onegai shimasu = kudasai; use when asking for something
eg.
Kōhii o onegai shimasu./Kōhii o kudasai. (Coffee, please)
= please do that in response to someone offering to do something for you
eg.
Ashita denwa shimashō ka. (Shall I phone you tomorrow?)
Hai, onegai shimasu. (Yes, please)
Eigo de hanashimashō ka. (Shall I speak in English?)
Onegai shimasu. (Please)
yo = emphasis, act like exclamation mark
eg.
Watashi no sūtsukēsu desu. (It's my suitcase)
Watashi no sūtsukēsu desu yo. (Hey, it's my suitcase!)
mō = already/not anymore
eg.
Mō jū-ji desu. (It's already 10:00)
Mō Kyōto desu ka. (Are we in Kyoto already?)
= used with a negative verb
Mō resutoran e wa ikimasen. (I'm not going to that restaurant anymore.)
Mondai wa mō arimasen. (I don't have any problems any more.)
-te form
= drop -ru to -masu
taberu > tabemasu > tabete (eat)
oshieru > oshiemasu > oshiete (teach,tell)
iru > imasu > ite (be, exist)
miru > mimasu > mite (see, watch)
tomeru > tomemasu > tomete (stop, halt)
= drop -u to -imasu
yomu > yomimasu > yonde (read)
nomu > nomimasu > nonde (drink)
aru > arimasu > atte (be, exist)
hajimaru > hajimarimasu > hajimatte (begin)
wakaru > wakarimasu >wakatte (understand)
au > aimasu > atte (meet)
chigau > chigaimasu > chigatte (differ)
matsu > machimasu > matte (wait)
hanasu > hanashimasu > hanashite (speak, talk)
kiku > kikimasu > kiite (hear, ask)
kaku > kakimasu > kaite (write)
-ku
iku > ikimasu > itte (go)
kuru > kimasu > kite (come)
suru > shimasu > shite (do)
if -te form is followed by kudasai, it's a away of asking someone to do something
Yukkuri hanashite kudasai (Please speak slowly)
Yukkuri itte kudasai (Please go slowly)
Namae to jūshi o kaite kudasai (Please write your name and address)
Go-ji han ni kite kudasai. (Please come at 5:30)
Hon o mite kudasai (Please look at your books)
de = to show location; at/in
ni is only used with the verbs imasu/arimasu
eg.
Ano atarashii resutoran de tabemashō. (Let's eat at that new restaurant)
Doko de aimashō ka. (Where shall we meet?)
Ashita uchi de benkyō shimasu (I'm going to study at home tomorrow)
Koko de machimasu. (I 'll wait here)
directions
Koko made onegai shimasu (To this place, please)
Massugu itte kudasai (Please go straight ahead)
Mō sukoshi massugu itte kudasai (Please go a little further ahead)
Koko de migi ni magatte kudasai (Please turn right here)
Shingō de hidari ni magatte kudasai (Please turn left at the traffic lights)
Tsugi no shingō de migi ni magatte kudasai (Please turn right at the next traffic lights)
Tsugi no kado de tomete kudasai (Please stop at the next corner)
Koko de ii desu (This/here is fine)
Hidari-gawa ni arimasu (It's on the left-hand side.)
Gakkō wa migi-gawa ni arimasu. (The school is on the right-hand side.)
Hundred = hyaku
100 hyaku
200 ni-hyaku
300 san-hyaku
400 yon-hyaku
500 go-hyaku
600 rop-pyaku
700 nana-hyaku
800 hap-pyaku
900 kyū-hyaku
235 ni-hyaku san-jū-go
Thousands = sen
1000 sen
2000 ni-sen
3000 san-zen
4000 yon-sen
5000 go-sen
6000 roku-sen
7000 nana-sen
8000 has-sen
9000 kyū-sen
2350 ni-sen san-byaku go-jū
eg.
sumimasen, kore wa ikura desu ka. (Excuse me, how much is it?)
Sore wa ni-sen go-hyaku go-jū en desu. (It's 2550 yen)
Visiting someone's home
genkan - an area where you leave your shoes
Gomen kudasai (Hello? Is there anyone home?)
Shitsurei shimasu (Excuse me)
O-jama shimasu (Pardon me for disturbing you)
Dōzo, o-kake kudasai./Dōzo, suwatte kudasai (Please have a seat)
Shitsurei shimasu (Thank you)
O-cha wa ikaga desu ka. (Would you like some green tea?)
Onegai shimasu/itadakimasu (Yes, thank you)
Vocabulary
agatte kudasai : please come in
daigakusei : university student
de : at, in
dō shimashō ka : what shall I do?
doru : dollars
en : yen
-gawa : the-side
genkan : entrance area
gomen kudasai : excuse me, is anyone there?
hidari : left
hidari-gawa : the left-hand side
hon : book
hyaku : hundred
ikaga desu ka : how about some...?
ikura : how much(money)?
itadakimasu : yes, please when offered food or drink
itte kudasai : please go
jūsho : address
kado : corner
kaite kudasai : please write
kōhii : coffee
machimasu : wait
made : as fae as
magatte kudasai : please turn
massugu : straight ahead
migi ni : to the right
migi-gawa : right-hand side
mō : already, not anymore
mondai : problem
ni-hyaku : two hundred
0-jama shimasu : excuse me for disturbing you
o-kake kudasai : please take a seat
onegai shimasu : please
o-tsuri : the change (money)
sen : thousand
shingō : traffic lights
suki ja nai : don't like
sukoshi : a little, a small amount
surippa : slippers
suwatte kudasai : please sit down
tatemono : building
tokorode : by the way
tomete kudasai : please stop, halt
tsugi no : the next
wakarimashita : I see, I've got it
yo : to show emphasis
yukkuri : slowly
Quoted from Berlitz Essential Japanese
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