Japanese Lesson #5

Nani o tabemasu ka. (what will you have to eat?)

simple present tense verbs

present positive: -masu form

nomimasu [nomimass] (drink); nominasen (don't drink)

ikimasu (go); ikimasen (don't go)

kimasu (come); kimasen (don't come)

wakarimasu (understand); wakarimasen (don't understand)

arimasu (there is, have); arimasen (there isn't, don't have)

kikimasu (listen, hear, ask); kikimasen (don't listen, hear, ask)

yomimasu (read); yomimasen (don't read)

oshiemasu (tell, teach); oshiemasen (don't tell, teach)

mimasu (see, watch); mimasen (don't see, watch)

shimasu (do); shimasen (don't do)

hanashimasu (talk, speak); hanashimasen (don't talk, speak)

tabemasu (eat); tabemasen (don't eat)

particle "o"

eg.

Nihongo o hanashimasu (I speak Japanese)

Tokidoki eiga o mimasu (I sometimes watch movies)

Watanabe san wa Eigo o hanashimasen (Mr. Watanabe doesn't speak English)

Mainichi rajio o kikimasu ka. (Do you listen to radio everyday?)

the future use -masu form

eg.

Watanabe san wa ashita Tōkyō e ikimasu. (Mr. Watanabe will go to Tokyo tomorow)

Tomotachi wa asatte Igirisu kara kimasu. (The day after tomorrow, a friend is coming from Britain)

Nani o nominasu ka. (What would you like to drink?)

Konban nani o tabemasu ka. (What are you going to eat tonight?)

Kyō nani o shimasu ka. (What are you going to do today?)

adjectives

kono - this

sono - that

ano - that

dono - which

eg.

Kono wain wa doko no desu ka. (Where is this wine from?)

Sono shinbun o yomimasu ka. (Are you going to read that newspaper?)

Ano hito wa dare desu ka. (Who's that person?)

Dono teishoku ni shimasu ka. (Which set meal are you going to have?)

ne = isn't it?/didn't he?/aren't they?/don't you?/am i right?

eg.

Maiku san wa Amerikajin desu ne. (Mike is an American, isn't he?)

Neruson san wa Eigo o oshiemasu ne. (Mr. Nelson will teach English, won't he?)

ga = marks the subject of the sentence, especially when it's being introduced for the first time

wa = use if information is already known

eg.

Asoko ni atarashii resutoran ga arimasu ne. Sono resutoran wa oishii desu.

(There's a new restaurant over there, right? That restaurant is really good.)

nani,doko,dare followed by ga, not wa

eg.

Dare ga ashita Yokohama e ikimasu ka. (Who's going to Yokohama tomorrow?)

Wain wa, nani ga arimasu ka. (What wine do you have?)

wakarimasu

eg.

Watanabe san wa Eigo ga wakarimasu ka. (Does Mr. Watanabe understand English?)

Maiku san no tomodachi no namae ga wakarimasen. (I don't know Mike's friend's name.)

arimasu

eg.

Kono daigaku ni atarashii konpyūta ga arimasu. (This university has some new computers.)

Maiku san wa kyō kaigi ga arimasu ne. (You have a meeting today, don't you, Mike?)

suki desu = I like

dai suki desu = I like it very much

amari suki ja arimasen = I don't like very much

kirai desu = I dislike

dai kirai desu = I loathe

eg.

sashimi ga dai-suki desu. (I love raw fish)

Hana wa, nani ga suki desu ka. (What kind of flowers do you like?)

Maiku san wa eiga ga suki desu ne. (Mike likes going to movies, doesn't he?)

o kudasai = please give me

eg.

Nani o nomimasu ka. (What would you like to drink?)

Wain o kudasai. (Wine, please)

Mainichi Shinbun o kudasai. (I'd like the Mainichi Newspaper please.)

itadakimasu = said just before eating or drinking something = bon appetit

go-chisō sama deshita = said after meal

Vocabulary

amari : not very

ano : that -over there

asatte : the day after tomorrow

ashita : tomorrow

dai-kirai desu : hate

dai-suki desu : like very mich, love

dō : how?

- wa dō desu ka : how about -?

dono : which?

eiga : film, movie

ga : particle indicating subject of verb

go-chisō sama deshita : thank you for the meal

gohan : cooked rice

hana : flower

hanashimasu : speak, talk

ii : good, fine

ikimasu : go

itadakimasu : bon appetit

kaigi : a meeting

kikimasu : hear, listen, ask

kiku : chrysanthemum

kimasu : come

kirai desu : dislike

konban : this evening

kono : this

mainichi : every day

mimasu : see, watch

miso shiru : miso soup

mizu : water

nan/nani : what?

ne : isn't it, aren't they, don't you

-ni shimasu: I'll have/decide on-

nomimasu : drink

-o kudasai : could i have -, please?

o : particle to indicate object of verb

o-cha : green tea

oishii : tasty, delicious

oshiemasu : tell, teach

rajio : radio

resutoran : restaurant

sakana: fish

sashimi : raw fish

shimasu : do

sono : that

suki desu : like

suki ja arimasen : don't like

sumimasen ga... : I'm sorry but ...

tabemasu : eat

teishoku : set meal

tokidoki : sometimes

tomodachi : friend

tsukemono : pickles

wain : wine

wakarimasu: understand

yaki-zakana : grilled fish

yomimasu : read

Quoted from Berlitz Essential Japanese