Japanese Lesson #18

Ki o tsukenakereba narimasen yo (You must take care!)

Nakareba narimasen = must/have to

eg.

Jiko shōkai wa Nihongo de nakereba narimasen. (Your self-introduction must be in Japanese.)

Chichi wa shigoto no tame ni Yōroppa e ikanakareba narimasen. (My father has to go to Europe on business.)

-don't have to, add -nakute mo ii desu

eg.

Kyō owaranakute mo ii desu. (You don't have to finish it today.)

Ashita wa nichiyōbi dakara, konban hayaku nenakute mo ii desu. (Tomorrow is Sunday, so you don't have to go to bed early tonight.)

or nakareba ikemasen/nakareba dame desu = must/have to

eg.

Sono shukudai o jibun de shinakereba ikemasen yo. (You must do your homework by yourself.)

Sore o Ogawa san ni misenakereba dame desu yo. (You must show that to Mr. Ogawa.)

Adverbs =

- for i-adj add -ku

sugoi (incredible) > sugoku (incredibly)

yasui (cheap) > yasuku (cheaply)

hayai (quick, early) > hayaku (quickly, early)

ii/you (good, fine) > yoku (well, often)

isogashii (busy) > isogashiku (busily)

eg.

Kōra o sonna ni hayaku nomanaide kudasai. (Don't drink your cola so quickly.)

- for -na adj add ni

jōzu (skillful) > jōzu ni (skillfully)

shinsetsu (kind) > shinsetsu ni (kindly, gently)

genki (energetic) > genki ni (energetically)

kantan (simple) > kantan ni (simply)

kirei (pretty, neat) > kirei ni (prettily, neatly)

eg.

Kantan ni setsumei shite kudasai. (Please explain it simply.)

Kanji o made kirei ni kaku koto ga dekimasen. (I can't write kanki characters neatly yet.)

-te yokatta = i'm glad that/it's lucky that/it's good that

Katte, yokatta = we bought, and it was good

eg.

Densha no jikan o yoku shirabete, yokatta ne. (It's lucky that we checked up on the train times carefully, isn't it!)

Kasa o wasurenakute, yokatta desu. (I'm glad I didn't forget my umbrella.)

-te, zenzen desu = it's a shame/pity that...

eg.

Shiteiseki o toru koto ga dekinakute, zannen desu ne. (It's a shame we couldn't get reserved seats, isn't it?)

Tanaka san wa issho ni konakute, zannen desu ne. (It's a pity that Ms. Tanaka didn't come with us, isn't it?)

To ieba = if you are talking about

eg.

Hai, sō da to omoimasu. Ikeda san to ieba, saikin atte inai n' desu yo. Genki desu ka. (Yes, I think so. Talking of Mr. Ikeda, I haven't seen him for a long time. Is he well?)

Ten thousand = man

30 000 san-man

37 000 san-man nana-sen

83 500 hachi-man san-zen go hyaku

100 000 jū-man

10 000 000 sen-man

100 000 000 ichi-oku

Toki - the time when

eg.

Ame no toki, kibun ga waruku narimasu. (Whenever it rains, I feel miserable.)

Gakusei no toki, yoku Eigo no benkyō o shimashita. (When I was a student, I studied English a lot.)

-used after the verb

eg.

Densha ga konde iru toki, yoku takushii ni norimasu. (When the trains are crowded, I often take a taxi.)

Kōfun shite iru toki, kao ga akaku narimasu. (When I get excited, my face goes red.)

Phrases of frequency

ik-kai (once)

ni-kai (twice)

san-kai (three times)

ichi-nichi ni yon-kai (four times a day)

ik-kagetsu ni ni-kai (twice a month)

san-kagetsu ni ik-kai (once in three months)

ichi-nen ni san-kai (three times a year)

go-nen ni ik-kai (once in five years)

eg.

Nihongo no kurasu wa is-shūkan ni nan-kai desu ka. (How many times a week is the Japanese class?)

Countings (long, thin things)

ip-pon

ni-pon

san-bon

yon-bon

go-hon

rop-pon

nana-hon

hap-pon

kyū-hon

jup-pon

eg.

Tako wa ashi ga nan-bon arimasu ka. (How many legs does an octopus have?)

Sono akai hana o go-hon kudasai. (Five of those red flowers, please.)

Vocabulary

abunai : dangeroud, look out!

ashi : leg, foot

biiru demo : beer or something

-bun : quantity, share, portion

daigakusei no toki : when I as a university student

gurai : about, approximately

hanbai : sales, selling

-hon : counting long things

ichi-man : ten thousand

ichi-nichi-jū : all day long

ii kagen ni shi nasai : please behave yourselves

ik-kagetsu : one month

ik-kai : once, one time

jibun no : one's own, my own

jibun : self, one self

kōfun shite imasu : is/are excited

-man : unit of ten thousand

motte konakereba narimasen : have to bring

nenekereba narimasen : have to sleep

nimotsu : luggage

noru : to get on/ in transport

oku : hundred million

ongaku : music

ryokō : trip, journey

saikin : recently

shanai : inside the train

shiraberu : investigate, look into

shiteiseki : reserved seat

sōji suru : do the cleaning

sukii-uea : ski-wear

sunde ita toki : when i was living

tako : octopus

tanoshimi ni shite imasu : i'm looking forward to

to ieba : talking of

toshi o totta : old

toshi : age

urusai : noisy

urusaku narimasu : get noisy

yarimashita : did, tried

yōfuku : clothes

yoku dekiru : can do well

yon-hon : four long/thin objects

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