The months
nan-gatsu (What month)
ichi-gatsu (January)
ni-gatsu (February)
san-gatsu (March)
shi-gatsu (April)
go-gatsu (May)
roku-gatsu (June)
shichi-gatsu (July)
hachi-gatsu (August)
ku-gatsu (September)
jū-gatsu (October)
jū-ichi-gatsu (November)
jū-ni-gatsu (December)
eg.
Kodomo no hi wa nan-gatsu ka. Go-gatsu desu ka. (What month is Children's Day? Is it May?)
Shujin no tanjōbi mo watashi no tanjōbi mo jū-ichi-gatsu desu. (My husband's birthday and my birthday are both in November.)
sengetsu (last month)
kongetsu (this month)
raigetsu (next month)
eg.
Jitsu wa, raigetsu kekkon suru n'desu. (The truth is, I'm getting married next month.)
The dates
nan-nichi (what date?)
tsuitachi (1st)
futsuka (2nd)
mikka (3rd)
yokka (4th)
itsuka (5th)
muika (6th)
nanoka (7th)
yōka (8th)
kokonoka (9th)
tōka (10th)
jū-yokka (14th)
hatsuka (20th)
ni-jū-yokka (24th)
san-jū-ichi-nichi (31st)
eg.
Mikka kara tōka made desu. (From the 3rd to the 10th.)
Tsugi no gēmu wa kongetsu no jū-san-nichi desu. (The next game is on the 13th of this month.)
Donna = what kind of?
Konna = this kind of
Sonna = that kind of
anna (that kind of, not connected to either of us.
eg.
Nihon no fuyu wa donna tenki desu ka. (What kind of weather is it in Japan in the winter?)
Sonna shitsumon ni kotaeu koto ga dekimasen. (I can't answer that kind of question.)
=this much, to the extent, followed by ni; used in front of adj
eg.
Kongetsu, sonna ni isogashiku arimasen. (This month, we're not that busy.)
Konna ni atsui hi wa amari nai n'desu ne! (We don't have many days this hot, do we!)
To iimashita (iu) = reported speech; say/speak/report,preceded by the particle to, this signals a quotation.
eg.
Maiku san wa, "Hayaku hashiru koto ga dekimasen," to iimashita ga, jitsu wa totemo hayai desu. (Mike said, "I can't run fast, " but in fact he's very fast.)
Wada san wa, "Kore de shitsurei shimasu," to itte, kaerimashita. (Mr. Wasa said, "Excuse me, " and went home.)
- plain form if you are talking about what someone else said rather than quoting their actual words
eg.
Keiko chan wa kinō atama ga itakatta kara konakatta to iimashita. (Keiko said she didn't come yesterday because she had a headache.)
Fukuda san wa san-ji han ni kuru to iimashita ka. (Sis Ms. Fukuda say she would come at 3:30?)
Maiku san wa, ashita yakyū o suru to iimashita. (Mike said he's playing baseball tomorrow.)
to = used with other words
kiku (ask,hear)
omou (think)
kaku (write)
kotaeru (reply)
eg.
Haha wa, Ohaio wa ima totemo atsui, to tegami ni kakimashita. (My mother wrote in her letter that it's very hot in Ohio now.)
Kyō wa jū-san-nichi ka to kikimashita ka. (He asked if it was the 13th today?)
-te iru form when you are talking about someone else says in the present tense
eg.
Takahashi san wan tsukareta to itte imasu. (Ms. Takahashi says she's tired.)
Sūzan san wa itsumo wakaranai to itte imasu. (Susan is always saying she doesn't understand.)
Eigo de nan to iimasu ka. (What do you say in English?)
Akii to iimasu. (it's "aki".)
"Tegami" o Eigo de "letter" to iimasu ka. (For "tegami," do you say "letter" in English?)
Asking permission = add mo ii desu ka to the -te form = -ing, is it alright?
Answer = hai, ii desu/hai, -te mo ii desu.
eg.
Nihongo de setsumei shite mo ii desu ka. (Is it okay to explain it in Japanese?)
Kyō hayaku kaette mo ii desu ka. (Is it all right to go home early today?)
Shitsumon o kiite mo ii desu ka. (May I ask a question?)
-ask if it's alright not to do something, fine -nai form, change it to -nakute, then add -mo ii desu.
eg.
Kore o zenbu tabenakute mo ii desu ka. (Is it alright if I don't eat all of this?)
Hai, ii desu yo. (Yes, it's all right)
Namae to jūsho o kakanakute mo ii desu. (It's all right not to write your name and address.)
Refusing permission = -te form, add wa ikemasen; mustn't, forbidden, bad
eg.
Sono heya ni haitte wa ikemasen yo. (hey, you mustn't go into that room.)
Nihongo no jūgyō de wa, Eigo de hanashite wa ikemasen. (In the Japanese class, you mustn't speak in English.)
Shunbun no hi -holidays
January 1 - Ganjitsu (New Year's Day)
January 15 - Seijin no hi (Coming-of-Age Day)
February 11 - Kenkoko kinenbi (National Foundation Day)
March 21 or 21 - Shunbun no hi (Spring Equinox Day)
April 29 - Midori no hi (Greenery Day)
May 3 - Kenpō kinenbi (Constitution Day)
May 5 - Kodomo no hi (Children's Day)
September 15 - Keirō no hi (Respect for the Aged Day)
September 23 or 24 - Shūbun no hi (Autumnal Equinox Day)
October 10 - Taiiku no hi (Sports Health Day)
November 3 - Bunka no hi (Culture Day)
November 23 - Kinro kansha no hi (Labor Thanksgiving Day)
December 23 - Tennō tanjōbi (Emperor's Birthday)
Vocabulary
aki : fall/autumn
anna : that kind of
bunka no hi : Culture Day
denai : doesn't attend
deru : go out, appear, attend
donna : what kind of
fuyu : winter
ganjitsu : New Year's Day
go-gatsu : May
gomen nasai : excuse me, I beg your pardon
hachi-gatsu : August
haru : spring
heya : room
hi : day
hiruma : daytime
ichi - gatsu : January
iimasu : say
iroiro arigatō gozaimashita : thank you for everything
isogashii : busy
jū-gatsu : October
jū-hachi-nichi : 18th
jū-ichi-gatsu : November
jū-ni-gatsu : December
kaigi ni deru : attend a meeting
keirō no hi : Respect of the Aged Day
kenpō kinenbi : Constitution Day
kinro kansha no hi : Labor Thanksgiving Day
kochira koso : the pleasure's mine
kodomo no hi : Children's Day
konna : this kind of
kōsu : course
kotaeru : answer, respond
kotoba : word
ku-gatsu : September
mata dōzo : please come again
midori no hi : Greenery Day
moshi yokattara : if it's all right
nan-gatsu : what month?
nan-nichi : what date?
natsu -yasumi : summer vacation
natsu : summer
neru jikan : time to sleep
-nichi
ni-gatsu : February
ni-jū-ichi-nichi : 21st
nonde mo ii : is it all right to drink
okite mo ii : all right to stay up
onaji : same
osoku made : until late
raigetsu : next month
roku-gatsu : June
san-gatsu : March
seijin no hi : Coming of Aged Day
sengetsu : last month
shi-gatsu :April
shichi-gatsu : July
shūbun no hi : Autumnal Equinox Day
shunbun no hi : Spring Equinox Day
shutchō : business trip
sō iimashita : said so
sonna : that kind of
sorosoro : slowly, gradually, soon
sukii ni ikimasu : go skiiing
sukii-jō : ski resort
sukii : skiingtsiiku no hi : Sports Health Day
tegami : letter
tennō tanjōbi : Emperor's Birthday
toki : time, period
yasumi no hi : vacation, holiday
yasumi : vacation, rest, pause
Yōroppa : Europe
Quoted from Berlitz Essential Japanese
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